• Halisarca Dujardin, F. 1838. Observations sur les Eponges et en particulier sur la Spongille ou Eponge d'eau douce. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie 2 10: 5-13, 34 pl. 1 figs 1-5 [nomen nudum; Halisarca was first erected by Dujardin, 1838, as the Systema Porifera chapter indicates (Hooper & Van Soest 2002), but Dujardin did not mention a species name and thus the name is a nomen nudum].
• Halisarca Johnston, G. 1842. A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. Edinburgh : W.H. Lizars pp. i-xii, 1-264, pls I-XXV. [Johnston, 1842, subsequently described Halisarca dujardini and made the genus name Halisarca available. Authorship and year for Halisarca is Johnston, 1842 according to the rules of the ICZN (Van Soest 2011)].

  Type species:

   Halisarca dujardini Johnston, 1842 by subsequent monotypy, see Johnston, G. 1842. A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. Edinburgh : W.H. Lizars pp. i-xii, 1-264, pls I-XXV. [192].

  Secondary source:

   van Soest, R. 2011. Halisarca Johnston, 1842. In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=131822 on 2012-01-02. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=131822 (on 20120102).
• Bajalus Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 4. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 3-22 pls 1-5 [5].

  Type species:

   Bajalus laxus Lendenfeld, 1885 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

West Indian region, NW and N Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, W Pacific, Subantarctic and Antarctic.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Halisarcidae with two to three distinct ectosomal collagenous layers.

Diagnosis References

Bergquist, P.R. & Cook, S.D.C. 2002. Order Halisarcida Bergquist, 1996. 1077 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [1077]

History of changes

• Halisarca dujardini Johnston, G. 1842. A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. Edinburgh : W.H. Lizars pp. i-xii, 1-264, pls I-XXV. [192].

  Type data:

   Holotype lost (not listed by Gray, J.E. 1848. List of the specimens of British Sponges in the Collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum pp. 24), Berwick Bay, E Coast of England [no coords available].

  Secondary source:

   Ereskovsky, A.V., Lavrov, D.V., Boury-Esnault, N. & Vacelet, J. 2011. Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from Mediterranean Sea and a redescription of the type species Halisarca dujardini. Zootaxa 2768: 5-31 [5].
• Halisarca dujardini magellanica Topsent, E. 1901. Spongiaires. pp. 1–54 6 pls in, Expédition Antarctique Belge. Résultats du voyage du S.Y. Belgica en 1897–1898–1899. Rapports scientifiques. Zoologie. [44].

  Type data:

   Holotype MIZL (egaz - Chile), Isla Landonderry, Tierra del Fuego, Chile [27°07'18"S 109°22'08"W].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Koltun, V.M. 1964. Sponges of the Antarctic. Part 1. Tetraxonida and Cornacuspongida. 6-116, 428-433 (systematic index), pls 1-15 in Pavlovskii, E.P., Andriyashev, A.P. & Ushakov, P.V. (eds). Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Zoological Institute: Explorations of the fauna of the seas II (X). Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955–1958). Moscow : Izdatel'stvo ‘Nauka' Vol. 2. [in Russian] [112]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Aust. Antarctic, Terr.; Mawson Coast, Arctic, amphi-Atlantic, Mediterranean, Subantarctic, Antarctic and New Zealand.

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–450 m.

General References

Aizenshtadt, T.B. & Korotkova, G.P. 1976. Study on oogenesis in marine sponges. Halisarca dujardini. Part 2. Phagocytic activity of oocytes and vitellogenesis. Tsitologiya, Leningrad 18: 818-823 [in Russian]

Chen, W.-T. 1976. Reproduction and speciation in Halisarca. pp. 113-139 in Harrison, F.W. & Cowden, R.R. (eds). Aspects of Sponge Biology. New York : Academic Press 354 pp.

Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] (questions synonymy between eastern European and Subantarctic/Antarctic species)

Lévi, C. 1956. Etude des Halisarca de Roscoff. Embryologie et systématique des démosponges. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 93: 1-181

History of changes

• Bajalus laxus Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 4. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 3-22 pls 1-5 [5].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM G8913 wet (NMV photo 39/10 - egaz), Port Phillip Bay, VIC; (Port Jackson, NSW) [38°07'S 144°48'E, 33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1886.6.7.102 wet (NMV photo 39/10); ZMB 2307 slide (egaz), Port Jackson [33°51'S 151°15'E]; ZMB 6467 2 slides.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson, Phillip Bay, Ball's Head–Port Jackson, and also Red Sea.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Subtidal (Red Sea), 'Laminarian Zone', on stones and seaweed (Australian records).

History of changes