- Flustrellidridae Bassler, 1953.
Introduction
The family Flustrellidridae was introduced by Bassler (1953) for the genus Flustrellidra and some other carnose ctenostomes, and was revised by Cook (1964) to include Flustrellidra, Elzerina and Bockiella .
The family is characterised by the regular patterning of autozooids and surrounding kenozooids, each of which frequently has the cuticular frontal wall extended to form a thickened spine. The autozooid orifice is also thickened to produce an operculum-like lower lip.
Flustrellidra hispida has large, encrusting autozooids with lophophores bearing as many as 35 tentacles. Its larvae are bivalved, with a vestigial gut (Prenant & Bobin, 1956). Flustrellidra has colonies which often encrust algae, or are erect and lobed; its species are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, particularly in arctic and boreal waters.
In Australia, the family is represented by two genera with erect, branched colonies, Elzerina and Bockiella. E. blainvillii was one of the first species to be described from Australia, by Lamouroux (1816), and his figured specimen is still extant. Colonies have dichotomous branches, up to 50 mm in height; marked by constricted kenozooids forming joints, analogous to those of some cheilostome genera, such as Cellaria in appearance and function. Each autozooid is surrounded by a series of kenozooids, which are large and smooth in E. blainvillii, and small and spiny in E.cylindrica. Both species have up to 23 tentacles. Elzerina occurs from shallow shelf waters. E. blainvillii is found round all Australian coasts, and from South Africa; E.cylindrica has been reported only from Victoria. Species of Bockiella have erect colonies with less regular patterning of branches, and kenozooids which have no spines. The type species, B. angusta, occurs from fairly deep waters, from Japan to Bali (135-752 metres), but the only Australian species, B. robusta, grows on algae in shallow shelf waters from New South Wales (Cook 1964).
Diagnosis
Colony encrusting or erect, fleshy, with thickened cuticle. Autozooids generally relatively large, the orificial region either papilliform, or with an operculum-like flap formed from the proximal part of a thickened, bilabiate orifice. Kenozooids always present, with a definite position in relation to autozooids; smooth-surfaced or spinose. Several embryos brooded in one zooid, bivalved larvae produced.
General References
Cook, P.L. 1964. Notes on the Flustrellidridae (Polyzoa, Ctenostomata). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13 7: 279-300
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Elzerina Lamouroux, J.V.F. 1816. Histoire des Polypiers Coralligènes flexibles vulgairement nommés Zoophytes. Caen : Poisson i-ixxxiv, 1-560, pls 1-19. [122].
Type species:
Elzerina blainvillii Lamouroux, 1816 by monotypy.
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia
IMCRA
Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
- South Africa
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Barrier Reef, Lower E coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast
- New Zealand
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Farciminaria binderi Busk, G. 1861. Zoophytology. Descriptions of new or imperfectly known Polyzoa. No.1. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 1: 153-156 [156].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH 1890.8.27.3 1 colony, Sydney, NSW.
Distribution
States
New South Wales
IMCRA
Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Lower E coast
- New Zealand
Ecological Descriptors
Colonial, continental shelf, filter-feeder, sessile.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Elzerina blainvillii Lamouroux, J.V.F. 1816. Histoire des Polypiers Coralligènes flexibles vulgairement nommés Zoophytes. Caen : Poisson i-ixxxiv, 1-560, pls 1-19. [123].
Type data:
Lectotype BMNH 1899.7.1.6609 1 colony, Port Phillip, Vic.Subsequent designation references:
Cook, P.L. 1964. Notes on the Flustrellidridae (Polyzoa, Ctenostomata). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13 7: 279-300 [290].
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia
IMCRA
Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
- South Africa
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Barrier Reef, Lower E coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast
Ecological Descriptors
Colonial, filter-feeder, sessile, subtidal.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
06-Sep-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Flustrella hispida cylindrica Hincks, T. 1884. Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. XIII. Polyzoa from Victoria and Western Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 13: 363-369; 14: 276-285 [365].
Distribution
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IMCRA
Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait
Ecological Descriptors
Colonial, continental shelf, filter-feeder, sessile.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Neobockiella D'Hondt, J.-L. 1983. Tabular keys for the identification of the Recent Ctenostomatous Bryozoa. Mémoires de l'Institut Océanographique, Monaco 14: 1-134.
Type species:
Bockiella robusta Cook, 1964 by original designation.
Distribution
States
New South Wales
IMCRA
Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Lower E coast
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Bockiella robusta Cook, P.L. 1964. Notes on the Flustrellidridae (Polyzoa, Ctenostomata). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13 7: 279-300 [297].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH 1881.10.21.82 1 slide, Port Jackson, NSW.
Paratype(s) BMNH 1881.10.21.83 1 slide, Port Jackson, NSW.
Distribution
States
New South Wales
Extra Distribution Information
Known only from type locality.
Australian Endemic.
IMCRA
Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Lower E coast
Ecological Descriptors
Colonial, filter-feeder, sessile, subtidal.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
04-Aug-2011 | MODIFIED |