Suborder DARWINULOCOPINA Sohn, 1988
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 12-Feb-2010 | (import) |
- Darwinulidae Brady, G.S. & Norman, A.M. 1889. A monograph of the marine and freshwater Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and of Northwestern Europe. Section I: Podocopa. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society 4(2): 63-270 [346].
Type genus:
Darwinula Brady & Robertson, 1885.
Introduction
Darwinulidae are exclusively non-marine ostracods, but make up less than 5% of the total species diversity of extant non-marine ostracod faunas (Martens 1998). The suborder Darwinulocopina originated about 360 million years ago, but only the family Darwinulidae has survived until now (Martens et al. 1998). The family is most speciose in the Southern Hemisphere. There are 5 genera and ~30 species (Shon et. al., 2010).
Diagnosis
Carapace mostly 0.8 mm long or less, shape elongate subquadrate to oval. Valves smooth. Valve marginal zone with narrow calcified lamella, without selvage or continuous lists. Hinge adont. Adductor muscle scars: typical "rosette pattern". Normal pores simple. Female with a more or less inflated posterior brood space. Seven pairs of appendages. Caudal ramus absent or reduced to 1–2 short setae. Mandibular branchial plate small, maxillular one large. Fifth limb (first thoracopod) with 3-segmented endopodite, branchial plate with numerous rays. Sixth and seventh limbs walking legs.
Diagnosis References
Horne, D.J., Cohen, A. & Martens, K. 2002. Taxonomy, morphology and biology of Quaternary and living Ostracoda. Geophysical Monograph 131: 5-36
General References
Shon, I., Martens, K. & Halse, S. 2010. Genetic diversity in Australian ancient asexual Vestalenula (Ostracoda, Darwinulidae): little variability down under. Hydrobiologia 641: 59-70
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Darwinula Jones, T.R. 1885. On the Ostracoda of the Purbeck Formation; with notes on the Wealden species. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 41: 311-353 [346].
Type species:
Polycheles stevensoni Brady & Robertson, 1870 (=Darwinula stevensoni (Brady & Robertson, 1870)) by original designation.
Distribution
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
Antarctic Region
Australian Region
Nearctic Region
Neotropical Region
Oriental Region
Palaearctic Region
Diagnosis
Elongate and large (0.7 mm) darwinulids, without internal teeth in the left valve and without ventral keel on the right valve. Valves with right/left overlap. Dorsal margin evenly sloping, not rounded or straight over parts of its length. In frontal view left and right valves almost symmetrical. First segment on the antennula with two dorsal setae, second segment with one dorsal and three ventral setae; fourth segment of endopodite with two dorsal setae. Antenna with two long setae and a spine on exopodite; first endopodal segment with two ventro-apical setae. Penultimate segment of the first thoracopod with two setae. Postabdomen absent. Caudal ramus absent in adults, present in juveniles.
Diagnosis References
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110
General References
Martens, K. & Rossetti, G. 1997. On two new species of Darwinula Brady and Robertson, 1885 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from South African dolomitic springs. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 67: 57-66 (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement)
Martens, K. & Rossetti, G. 2002. On the Darwinulidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Oceania. Invertebrate Taxonomy 16: 195-208 (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement)
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1996. Redescription and morphological variability od Darwinula stevensoni (Brady & Robertson, 1870) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 66: 73-92 (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement)
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110 (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
Distribution
Extra Distribution Information
Cosmopolitan.
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
Antarctic Region
Australian Region
Nearctic Region
Neotropical Region
Oriental Region
Palaearctic Region
Ecological Descriptors
Freshwater.
Diagnosis
Valves pearly white, surface smooth. Diagnosis as for the genus.
General References
Martens, K. & Rossetti, G. 2002. On the Darwinulidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Oceania. Invertebrate Taxonomy 16: 195-208
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1996. Redescription and morphological variability od Darwinula stevensoni (Brady & Robertson, 1870) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 66: 73-92
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Isabenula Rossetti, Pinto & Martens, 2011.
Type species:
Isabenula humphreysi Rossetti, Pinto & Martens, 2011 by original designation.
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Rossetti, G., Pinto, R.L. & Martens, K. 2011. Description of a new genus and two new species of Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) with some considerations on the morphological evolution of ancient asexuals. Belgian Journal of Zoology 141(2): 55-74
Distribution
Other Regions
Christmas Island terrestrial & freshwater
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 04-Mar-2012 | ADDED |
- Isabenula humphreysi Rossetti, Pinto & Martens, 2011.
Type data:
Holotype IRSNB OC3270 adult ♀, soft parts on slide, valves stored dry, Christmas Island, Hugh's Dale (Dale No 2), Cave # CI-77 [10°28'07"S 105°33'40"E].
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Rossetti, G., Pinto, R.L. & Martens, K. 2011. Description of a new genus and two new species of Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) with some considerations on the morphological evolution of ancient asexuals. Belgian Journal of Zoology 141(2): 55-74 [63-66]
Distribution
Other Regions
Christmas Island terrestrial & freshwater
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 04-Mar-2012 | ADDED |
- Penthesilenula Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110 [77].
Type species:
Darwinula incae Delachaux, 1928 by original designation.
Distribution
States
Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
South Africa, Brazil, France, Ireland
IBRA
ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Dampierland (DL), Gascoyne (GAS), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Murchison (MUR), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pilbara (PIL), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Tanami (TAN), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)
Diagnosis
Small (0.4 mm) to relatively large (0.8 mm) darwinulids. Subquadrate in lateral view. Large caudal brooding cavity visible externally. Left and right valves almost symmetrical. Left valve overlaps right one on all sides, except dorsal one. Left valve either with two rounded internal teeth, or with one pointed caudal internal tooth. Right valve without postero-ventral keel. First segment of antennula with two dorsal setae, second segment with three ventral setae and one dorsal seta. Exopod of antenna with two long setae and a spine, first endopodal segment with two ventro-apical setae.
Diagnosis References
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110 [77]
General References
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Darwinula africana brasiliensis Pinto, I.D. & Kotzian, S.C.B. 1961. Novos ostracodes da família Darwinulidae e la variaçãos das impressões musculares. Boletim. Instituto de Ciências Naturais 11(1-11): 5-64 [15].
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Cosmopolitan; South Africa, Brazil, France, Ireland.
IBRA
WA: Central Ranges (CR), Dampierland (DL), Gascoyne (GAS), Gibson Desert (GD), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Murchison (MUR), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pilbara (PIL), Tanami (TAN)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia: W plateau
Ecological Descriptors
Freshwater.
Diagnosis
Length about 0.5 mm. Right valve without postero ventral keel, left valve with small anteroventral and large posteroventral internal teeth. Second segment of endopod of antennula with two large dorsal setae and one ventro-apical seta.
Diagnosis References
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110 [87]
General References
Martens, K. & Rossetti, G. 2002. On the Darwinulidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Oceania. Invertebrate Taxonomy 16: 195-208
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Vestalenula Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110 [65].
Type species:
Darwinula boteai Danielopol, 1970 by original designation.
Distribution
States
Western Australia
IBRA
WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Carnarvon (CAR), Central Kimberley (CK), Coolgardie (COO), Central Ranges (CR), Dampierland (DL), Esperance Plains (ESP), Gascoyne (GAS), Gibson Desert (GD), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Mallee (MAL), Murchison (MUR), Northern Kimberley (NK), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pilbara (PIL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia: NW coastal
- New Caledonia
Neotropical Region
Oriental Region
Palaearctic Region
Diagnosis
Small darwinulids, with valves elongate or short and subquadrate. RV with postero-ventral, external keel, the latter short or elongate. Left valve with long or short internal teeth. First segment of antennula with one dorsal seta, second segment with two ventral setae; fourth segment without ventro-apical seta. Antenna with one long seta and a spine on exopod. Adults mostly with caudal ramus, post abdomen smooth or absent.
Diagnosis References
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1998. Taxonomic revision of the Recent and Holocene representatives of the Family Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with description of three new genera. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 68: 55-110 [65]
General References
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1999. Contribution to taxonomy and distribution of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae), with the description of two new species. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 69: 57-66 (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Vestalenula marmonieri Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1999. Contribution to taxonomy and distribution of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae), with the description of two new species. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 69: 57-66 [60].
Type data:
Holotype RIB OC2219 ♀, New Caledonia, village of Ouegoa, tributary of the River Diahot [27°20'S 164°25'E].
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Carnarvon (CAR), Central Kimberley (CK), Coolgardie (COO), Central Ranges (CR), Dampierland (DL), Esperance Plains (ESP), Gascoyne (GAS), Gibson Desert (GD), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Mallee (MAL), Murchison (MUR), Northern Kimberley (NK), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pilbara (PIL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia
- New Caledonia
Ecological Descriptors
Adult: interstitial waters, lake.
General References
Martens, K. & Rossetti, G. 2002. On the Darwinulidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Oceania. Invertebrate Taxonomy 16: 195-208 [203]
Rossetti, G. & Martens, K. 1999. Contribution to taxonomy and distribution of the genus Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae), with the description of two new species. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique Biologie 69: 57-66 [60]
Shon, I., Martens, K. & Halse, S. 2010. Genetic diversity in Australian ancient asexual Vestalenula (Ostracoda, Darwinulidae): little variability down under. Hydrobiologia 641: 59-70
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Vestalenula matildae Martens, K. & Rossetti, G. 2002. On the Darwinulidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Oceania. Invertebrate Taxonomy 16: 195-208 [204].
Type data:
Holotype WAM C28868-GR401 ♀, Australia, WA, Pilbara, Ashburton River valley, Government Well 027.
Paratype(s) WAM C28870-GR387; C28870-GR387 2♀, Australia, WA, Pilbara, Ashburton River valley, Government Well 027.
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Known only from type locality.
IBRA
WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Gascoyne (GAS), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia: NW coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Adult: interstitial waters.
General References
Martens, K. & Rossetti, G. 2002. On the Darwinulidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Oceania. Invertebrate Taxonomy 16: 195-208 [204]
Shon, I., Martens, K. & Halse, S. 2010. Genetic diversity in Australian ancient asexual Vestalenula (Ostracoda, Darwinulidae): little variability down under. Hydrobiologia 641: 59-70
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13-Mar-2025 | 28-Mar-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |