Superfamily AMPHIBOLOIDEA Gray, 1840


Compiler and date details

R.E. Golding, W.F. Ponder & M. Byrne April 2008

Introduction

The Amphiboloidea are regarded as a basal superfamily of archaeopulmonate gastropods comprising a single small family, the Amphibolidae (Hubendick 1978). The group is characterised by a globose shell and the presence of an operculum in adults. Amphibolids are found in Indo-Pacific intertidal mangrove, saltmarsh and estuarine mudflat habitats. While this habitat is shared with many ellobiids and onchidiids, most other pulmonates are freshwater or terrestrial and all other pulmonates are inoperculate (Hubendick 1978). Despite their assumed basal phylogenetic position, very little was known about amphibolids (Fukuda & Kosuge 2000), with the systematics, anatomy and phylogeny of the family poorly understood. A study by Golding, Ponder & Byrne (2007), however, provides a comprehensive morphological and taxonomic review of the Amphiboloidea.

 

General References

Fukuda, H. & Kosuge, T. 2000. Gastropods II — Umi-maimai. pp. 138-147 in Sato, M. (ed.). Life in Ariake Sea; Biodiversity in Tidal Flats and Estuaries. Kaiyusha, Tokyo.

Golding, R.E., Ponder, W.F. & Byrne, M. 2007. Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata). Zootaxa 1476: 1-50

Hubendick, B. 1978. Systematics and comparative morphology of the Basommatophora. pp. 1-47 in Fretter, V. & Peake, J. Pulmonates. Systematics, Evolution and Ecology. London New York San Francisco : Academic Press Vol. 2A 540 pp.

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Family AMPHIBOLIDAE Gray, 1840


Compiler and date details

Brian J. Smith, Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston Shannon Reid and Winston F. Ponder, Australian Museum, Sydney

Introduction

The species of this family inhabit the upper-littoral zone in estuaries. This small family is confined to the central and southern Indo-Pacific area, Australia and New Zealand. They are found in sheltered areas between the mid-littoral and the lower edge of the supra-littoral zones in muddy sea-grass flats, mangroves and salt-marsh. The family is only one of two pulmonate families with an operculum. Until recently there were only two genera listed in Amphibolidae, Salinator and Amphibola (found only in New Zealand). However, a comprehensive study by Golding, Ponder & Byrne (2007) described two new genera — Lactiforis and Naranjia. The Australian Amphibolidae fauna now comprises five species in the genera Salinator (4 species) and Lactiforis (1 species).

Previous studies of the Amphibolidae recognised only one (Hubendick 1945) or two (Woolacott 1945; Smythe 1975) Australian species in the single Australian genus (Salinator). The two species Salinator fragilis (Lamarck, 1822) and Salinator solida (Martens, 1878) were commonly reported from mangrove habitats in Australia. Following the study by Golding et. al. (2007), however, Salinator solida (Martens, 1878) is now placed in the new family Phallomedusidae and is now known as Phallomedusa solida (Martens, 1878).

The family is characterized by the small sized, globose shell, the round, horny operculum and its marginal marine habitat.

 

General References

Fraeme, M.E. 1940. Estuarine shell and egg girdle. Victorian Naturalist 56(11): 178

Golding, R.E., Ponder, W.F. & Byrne, M. 2007. Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata). Zootaxa 1476: 1-50

Hubendick, B. 1945. On the family Amphibolidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 26: 103-110

Laws, H.M. 1967. The cytology of Salinator solida (von Martens) (Mollusca : Amphibolidae). Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 15: 495-496

Smith, B.J. & Kershaw, R.C. 1979. Field Guide to the Non-marine Molluscs of South-eastern Australia. Canberra : A.N.U. Press 285 pp.

Smythe, K.R. 1975. Salinator fragilis (Lamarck) – habitat and behaviour. Journal of Conchology 28: 339-342

Smythe, K.R. 1975. On the occurence of Salinator fragilis (Lamarck) in the Arabian Gulf. Journal of Conchology 28: 335-338

Stanisic, J. 1998. Family Amphibolidae. 1067 in Beesley, P.L., Ross, G.J.B. & Wells, A. (eds). Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing Vol. 5(Part B) pp. vi–viii, 565–1234.

Woolacott, L. 1945. The establishment of Salinator fragilis Lamarck and Salinator solida von Martens as two distinct species in Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 1944–1945: 35-38

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Subfamily Phallomedusinae Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007


Compiler and date details

R.E. Golding, W.F. Ponder & M. Bryne April 2008

Introduction

The family Phallomedusidae contains a single genus with two species, one (Salinator solida) of which was previously included in the Amphibolidae based on shell and opercular characters (Golding, Ponder & Byrne 2007). Anatomical investigation and the discovery of additional diversity within the Amphibolidae have revealed major differences between Amphibola solida Martens, 1878 and other known amphibolids, necessitating the creation of a new family. Phallomedusidae is clearly distinguished from the Amphibolidae by the lack of a sinus on the outer lip of the aperture and the zigzag pattern of the shell, a prominent hollow keel on the inner surface of the operculum, broad marginal radular teeth, syntremous diaulic reproductive system, muscular vagina, vas deferens lined with prostatic glandular tissue and spiral penis with external sperm groove and long appendages. The characters of the reproductive system, in particular, are very different from those of amphibolids.

 

General References

Golding, R.E., Ponder, W.F. & Byrne, M. 2007. Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata). Zootaxa 1476: 1-50

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Genus Phallomedusa Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
15-Dec-2010 MODIFIED

Species Phallomedusa austrina Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

Tasmania


Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Ecological Descriptors

Mangrove, mudflats, salt marsh.

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Species Phallomedusa solida (Martens, 1878)

 

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria


Extra Distribution Information

E and SE coast of Australia, from N QLD to SA and NW TAS (based on AMS collections).


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Ecological Descriptors

Detritivore, mangrove, mudflats, salt marsh.

Extra Ecological Information

Upper-littoral.

 

General References

Golding, R.E., Ponder, W.F. & Byrne, M. 2007. Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata). Zootaxa 1476: 1-50 [19] (as Phallomedusa solida (Martens,1878))

Laws, H.M. 1967. The cytology of Salinator solida (von Martens) (Mollusca : Amphibolidae). Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 15: 495-496 (chromosomes)

Roach, A.C., Hunt, A.M. & Ward, J.A. 1989. Factors related to the intra and inter-specific zonation of two pulmonate gastropods Salinator solida (Lamarck) and Ophicardelus ornatus (Ferussac). Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 10: 59-67 (ecology, zonation)

Schacko, G. 1878. Die Zungenbewaffung der Gattung Amphibola. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 5: 1-9 (radula)

Woolacott, L. 1945. The establishment of Salinator fragilis Lamarck and Salinator solida von Martens as two distinct species in Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 1944–1945: 35-38

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Subfamily Salinatorinae Starobogatov, 1970

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
HETEROBRANCHIA 08-Nov-2018 ADDED

Genus Lactiforis Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Palaearctic Region

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Species Lactiforis tropicalis Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia


Extra Distribution Information

Northern Australia, recorded from Broome, WA to the Torres Strait QLD.


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, mudflats.

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Genus Salinator Hedley, 1900

 

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia


Extra Distribution Information

Arabian Gulf, Japan.


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Oriental Region

Palaearctic Region

Distribution References

General References

Golding, R.E., Ponder, W.F. & Byrne, M. 2007. Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata). Zootaxa 1476: 1-50 [10]

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Species Salinator fragilis (Lamarck, 1822)

 

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia


Extra Distribution Information

Southern Australia from Perth, WA to Port Phillip, VIC and also known from southern TAS.


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Ecological Descriptors

Detritivore, mangrove, salt marsh.

Extra Ecological Information

Sandy mudflats and estuarine saltmarsh, often buried in sandy mud at high tide or in permanent pools and sometimes present at high densities.

 

General References

Fraeme, M.E. 1940. Estuarine shell and egg girdle. Victorian Naturalist 56(11): 178 (breeding)

Golding, R.E., Ponder, W.F. & Byrne, M. 2007. Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata). Zootaxa 1476: 1-50 [10] (redescription)

Smythe, K.R. 1975. Salinator fragilis (Lamarck) – habitat and behaviour. Journal of Conchology 28: 339-342 (behaviour)

Woolacott, L. 1945. The establishment of Salinator fragilis Lamarck and Salinator solida von Martens as two distinct species in Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 1944–1945: 35-38 (Ampullaria quoyana Potiez & Michaud, 1838 placed in incertae sedis)

 

History of changes

Note that this list may be incomplete for dates prior to September 2013.
Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Species Salinator rhamphidia Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

New South Wales


Extra Distribution Information

Currently known from Banksmeadow, Botany Bay and Church Point, Hawkesbury River, Sydney, NSW.


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Ecological Descriptors

Sand flats.

Extra Ecological Information

Found on open sand flats, with or without sparse mangroves present, rarely on mud or under dense canopy.

 

History of changes

Note that this list may be incomplete for dates prior to September 2013.
Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Species Salinator rosacea Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia


Extra Distribution Information

Northwestern Australia, from Derby, WA to Darwin, NT.


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Ecological Descriptors

Mangrove.

 

History of changes

Note that this list may be incomplete for dates prior to September 2013.
Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Species Salinator tecta Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria


Extra Distribution Information

Eastern and southern Australian coast, from Adelaide, SA to Brisbane, QLD, also northern TAS.


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Ecological Descriptors

Mangroves.

Extra Ecological Information

Found in mangroves and on mudflats, usually associated with permanent pools of water, often found where fresh water mixes with estuarine.

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Incertae Sedis

 

History of changes

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Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Family MANINGRIDIDAE Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007


Compiler and date details

R.E. Golding, W.F. Ponder & M. Byrne April 2008

Introduction

The family Maningrididae was created for a single species, Maningrida arnhemensis (Golding, Ponder & Bryne (2007). The family is also markedly divergent from other amphiboloidean families and is distinguished by reproductive anatomy and opercular morphology. However, the presence of an operculum and other features, notably the pneumostome, radular teeth and digestive system offer support for its inclusion in the Amphiboloidea.

 

General References

Golding, R.E., Ponder, W.F. & Byrne, M. 2007. Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata). Zootaxa 1476: 1-50

 

History of changes

Note that this list may be incomplete for dates prior to September 2013.
Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Genus Maningrida Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

Northern Territory


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

History of changes

Note that this list may be incomplete for dates prior to September 2013.
Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)

Species Maningrida arnhemensis Golding, Ponder & Byrne, 2007

 

Distribution

States

Northern Territory


Extra Distribution Information

Known only from three locations in coastal and estuarine mudflats near the deltas of the Liverpool and Blyth River systems in Arnhem Land, NT.


Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, mudflats.

 

History of changes

Note that this list may be incomplete for dates prior to September 2013.
Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
12-Feb-2010 (import)